Overview
This super-track combines related tracks of the ENCODE Extension data generated
by Affymetrix. There are two member tracks:
- Affymetrix ENCODE Extension Transcription Sites: the transcribed
fragments (transfrags) based on the signal.
- Affymetrix ENCODE Extension Transcription Signal: RNA abundance
signal.
Methods
The data from replicate arrays were quantile-normalized (Bolstad et al., 2003)
and all arrays were scaled to a median array intensity of 330. Using two
different approaches: i) no sliding window ii) sliding 51-bp window centered
on each probe, an estimate of RNA abundance (signal) was computed by
calculating the median of all pairwise average PM-MM values, where PM is a
perfect match and MM is a mismatch. Both Kapranov et al. (2002) and Cawley
et al. (2004) are good references for the experimental methods. The latter
also describes the analytical methods.
Verification
Single biological replicates were generated and hybridized to duplicate arrays
(two technical replicates). Transcribed regions were generated from the
composite signal track by merging genomic positions to which probes are mapped.
This merging was based on a 5% false positive rate cutoff in negative bacterial
controls, a maximum gap (MaxGap) of 25 basepairs and minimum run (MinRun) of
25 basepairs (see the Affy TransFrags track for the merged regions).
Credits
These data were generated and analyzed by the collaboration of the following
groups: the Tom Gingeras group at Affymetrix, Roderic Guigo group at Centre
de Regulacio Genomica, Alexandre Reymond group at the University of Lausanne
and Stylianos Antonarakis group at the University of Geneva.
References
Please see the
Affymetrix Transcriptome site for a project overview and additional
references to Affymetrix tiling array publications.
Bolstad BM, Irizarry RA, Astrand M, Speed TP.
A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide
array data based on variance and bias.
Bioinformatics. 2003 Jan 22;19(2):185-93.
Cawley S, Bekiranov S, Ng HH, Kapranov P, Sekinger EA,
Kampa D, Piccolboni A, Sementchenko V, Cheng J, Williams AJ et al.
Unbiased mapping of transcription factor
binding sites along human chromosomes 21 and 22 points to widespread
regulation of noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2004 Feb 20;116(4):499-509.
Kapranov P, Cawley SE, Drenkow J, Bekiranov S, Strausberg RL, Fodor SP,
Gingeras TR.
Large-scale transcriptional activity in chromosomes 21 and 22.
Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):916-9.
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