Modern Derived Track Settings
 
Modern Human Derived, Denisova Ancestral   (All Denisova Assembly and Analysis tracks)

Maximum display mode:       Reset to defaults   
Select view (help):
All       Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS)       Ensembl Transcripts       Regulatory Regions      
Select subtracks by subset and frequency:
 All
Subset
All
CCDS 3' UTR
CCDS 5' UTR
CCDS Frameshift
CCDS In-frame Non-synonymous
CCDS Non-synonymous
CCDS Splice Site
CCDS Synonymous
Reg. Motif: Highly Informative Pos.
Regulatory Motif
Regulatory Region
Ensembl 3' UTR
Ensembl 5' UTR
Ensembl Frameshift
Ensembl In-frame Non-synonymous
Ensembl Non-synonymous
Ensembl Splice Site
Ensembl Synonymous
Subset
All 
Frequency

















Frequency
Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1   Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1
Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP   Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP
High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1   High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1
List subtracks: only selected/visible    all    ()
  Subset↓1 Frequency↓2   Track Name↓3  
 
hide
 All  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: All   schema 
 
hide
 All  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: All   schema 
 
hide
 All  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: All   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Frameshift  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Frameshift Coding   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Frameshift  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Frameshift Coding   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Frameshift  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Frameshift Coding   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS In-frame Non-synonymous  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS In-frame Non-synonymous   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Non-synonymous  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Non-synonymous   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Non-synonymous  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Non-synonymous   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Non-synonymous  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Non-synonymous   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Splice Site  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Splice   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Splice Site  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Splice   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS Splice Site  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS Splice   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 3' UTR  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 3' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 3' UTR  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 3' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 3' UTR  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 3' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 5' UTR  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 5' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 5' UTR  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 5' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 CCDS 5' UTR  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: CCDS 5' UTR   schema 
 
hide
 Reg. Motif: Highly Informative Pos.  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: High Inf Pos in TFBP   schema 
 
hide
 Reg. Motif: Highly Informative Pos.  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: High Inf Pos in TFBP   schema 
 
hide
 Reg. Motif: Highly Informative Pos.  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: High Inf Pos in TFBP   schema 
 
hide
 Regulatory Motif  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (Fixed), Denisova Ancestral: Regulatory Motif   schema 
 
hide
 Regulatory Motif  Fixed (>99%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1 but in dbSNP  Modern Human Derived (Fixed+dbSNP), Denisova Ancestral: Regulatory Motif   schema 
 
hide
 Regulatory Motif  High Frequency (>90%) in 1000 Genomes Phase 1  Modern Human Derived (HighFreq), Denisova Ancestral: Regulatory Motif   schema 
    

Description

This track shows mutations in the modern human lineage that rose to fixation or near fixation since the split from the last common ancestor with Denisovans, along with predicted functional effects from Ensembl's Variant Effect Predictor (VEP).

Methods

Methods and analysis are described in detail in Note 19 of supplementary online materials of (Meyer, 2012).

Whole genome Enredo-Pecan-Ortheus (EPO) alignments of human, chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan were combined with modern human genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 1 (1000G) to identify sites that are fixed (>99.0% frequency in 1000G) or high frequency (>90.0% frequency in 1000G) derived in modern humans and ancestral in chimpanzee and at least one other great ape (gorilla or orangutan). In order to avoid paralogous regions, human and chimpanzee sequences were required to appear in only one EPO alignment block. Some "fixed" sites are in dbSNP; these were separated out from fixed sites not in dbSNP, so three categories of frequency are displayed: Fixed, Fixed+dbSNP, and High Frequency.

Various quality filters were applied to Denisova genotypes: minimum 40 PHRED genotype likelihood from the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK); minimum 30 RMS map quality score; coverage at least 14X and at most 66X; no sites in positions identified as systematic errors or deemed to be of low quality due to conflicting genotype calls in a second iteration of GATK (Note 6, supplementary online materials of Meyer, 2012).

The derived-in-modern-human sites were intersected with the high-confidence-in-Denisova sites and annotated using VEP to predict effects on protein structure and transcriptional regulation.

Credits

Thanks to the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology for providing the data files used for this track.

References

Meyer M, Kircher M, Gansauge MT, Li H, Racimo F, Mallick S, Schraiber JG, Jay F, Prüfer K, de Filippo C et al. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):222-6. PMID: 22936568; PMC: PMC3617501; supplementary online materials, Note 19