Multi-Region Display Help

Table of Contents:

Introduction
Getting Started With The Multi-Region View
About The Multi-Region Modes

Exon Only
Gene Only
Custom Regions
Haplotype View

Examples

Questions and feedback are welcome.

Introduction

The multi-region display allows users to "slice" their track viewing experience into a variety of different modes that focus the display on certain features: exon-only, gene-only, or user-defined BED coordinates. Only the portions of track annotations that fall within these displayed regions are shown; extraneous intergenic, intronic and otherwise unwanted regions are hidden from view.

For human assemblies hg17 and later, the multi-region view also supports the replacement of a section of the reference genome with an alternate haplotype chromosome. This allows the user to view annotations upstream and downstream of the haplotype sequence, and visualize the haplotype in the general context of the reference chromosome.

Using the multi-region display, one can:

Show all SNPs that fall within exons (exon-only view).
Show only the genes on a chromosome (gene-only view).
Display the same chromosomal position on either side of a gene in order to model a repeat region (using a BED file with custom regions).
See how an alternate haplotype fits onto its chromosome (alternate haplotype view).

Getting Started With The Multi-Region View

Follow these steps to activate and configure multi-region view in the Genome Browser.

Step 1. Pick a genome assembly and region
Open the Genome Browser tracks display to a region of interest within a standard genome assembly, or open a custom region within an assembly hub.

Step 2. Open the multi-region view configuration window
Click under the tracks display to open the multi-region configuration window.

Step 3. Configure the multi-region view
By default, the Exit multi-region mode button is selected. This button returns the display to the traditional view.

To activate a multi-region view, click one of these options:

Show exons using -- display only the exonic regions
Show genes using -- display only those regions with gene annotations in the specified genes track
Custom regions from BED URL -- display only those regions listed in a specified BED file
Show one alternate haplotype -- display the specified alternate haplotype in place on the reference chromosome (human assemblies hg17 and later only)

To quickly enter exon-only mode without configuring the padding option, use the keyboard shortcut "e v".
Click the Highlight alternating regions in multi-region view box to color alternating slices in blue. (optional)
Click submit to save your changes and return to the Genome Browser tracks display.

Screenshot of the exon-only view with alternating regions highlighted.

Navigation and display
With a few exceptions, most browser navigation and display features function the same in both multi-region and single-chromosome modes, including zooming in and out, reversing and resizing the view, highlighting and zooming to a selected region, and track search. Searching and zooming conventions differ when displaying custom BED regions. See About Custom Regions for more information.

About The Multi-Region Modes

Exon-Only Mode

The exon-only view shows only those bases and annotations that fall within an exon or padding region. Bases and alignments within intronic and intergenic regions are removed from the display.

The exon-only view "virtual chromosome" is constructed of all the exons present in the gene track specified in the multi-region configuration window. Exon "slices" are visually separated by blocks of intronic or intergenic bases, the size of which are set by the padding field. This designates the padding on both sides of an exon, and therefore is additive, e.g. a padding size of 6 will result in a 12-base space between exon slices:

If the gene track used to compute the slicing is a super track or contains other transcripts, only the longest exon will be used to determine slicing, regardless of whether or not they are in the same transcript. See Example 1 for more information.

Gene-Only Mode

The gene-only view displays the bases and annotations that fall within the coordinates of a gene, but hides all of the intergenic bases except those used for padding (Example 2). As with exon-only mode, the padding field sets the number of intergenic bases displayed to visually separate each gene slice.

Because genes and alternate transcripts often overlap by a few bases, the windows created by the gene-only (and exon-only) mode may sometimes merge together. Reducing the number of padding bases may increase the number of alternate regions by allowing less intergenic space between genes. However, this overlap is a common feature for most of the Genome Browser gene sets, and should be no cause for concern.

Custom Regions Mode

The custom regions mode allows user-specific modeling of genomic regions using a BED file. Typically when a BED file is loaded into the browser, the entries are displayed in the tracks window in order of chromosomal location, regardless of the order in the file. When the multi-region view option is selected, the BED file entries are displayed in the same order they appear in the file. This feature can be used to manipulate the display of other annotations in the browser window, for example to duplicate a display region, reorder the exon display within a gene, or display regions from 2 different chromosomes side-by-side. Example 3 demonstrates the importance of ordering entries within a file.

Although all types of BED files are supported, only the information from BED 3 or BED 12 files is relevant to the display. Like BED custom tracks, comments are supported in the BED files used by multi-region mode. Comments are included at the top of the BED file, preceded by "#". The supported comments are:

database:	The genome assembly database for which the BED file is intended. If the file is loaded onto a different assembly, the custom regions mode will not work.
shortDesc:	(Optional) A short description of the custom region, displayed next to the chromosome ideogram.
padding:	Sets the size of the padding on either side of a BED entry in the browser tracks window.

Here is an example of a BED3 file with comments:

      #database hg38
      #shortDesc Example of a short description
      #padding 6
      chr1 pos1 pos2
      chr2 pos1 pos2

The Genome Browser search mechanism functions differently when using custom BED regions in multi-region view. When searching for a term or position, the browser first searches for the term within the BED-defined regions. If the item is found, the browser display will shift to that location.

If the term is not found within the BED-defined regions, but is found elsewhere, this message will ask if you would like to return to a default view at that location. If you prefer to return to your custom region instead, click .

If the term is not found at all in the assembly, an error message will display.

When scrolling or zooming while viewing regions from a custom BED URL, the range is restricted to the BED-defined regions. Although you can still zoom in to single base resolution, the outward zoom is limited to the extent of the defined regions. Scrolling upstream and downstream is also limited to the BED-defined range.

Haplotype Mode

An additional viewing mode is available on human assemblies hg17 and later: showing an alternative haplotype placed in its chromosomal context (Example 5). The haplotype is specified by entering its ID in the form chr_name_alt in the configuration window. To view the list of haplotype IDs for a given assembly, navigate to http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/$db/bigZips/$db.chrom.sizes, where $db is the human assembly name (e.g. hg38, hg19, hg18 or hg17).

Alternatively, haplotypes can be viewed using the Alt Map... track in the Mapping and Sequencing group. Open the track and navigate to the haplotype of interest in the track window. Click on the haplotype to display its details page, then click the link Show this alternate haplotype placed on its chromosome.

Examples

Example 1. Exon-only mode

This screenshot shows the exon-only view for the SOD1 gene in human assembly hg38. The 3rd "exon" from the left falls within the intron of the actual SOD1 gene, but is shown as an exon because it is part of the GENCODE v22 super-track.